porthole on the roof of Talponia " Ivrea that the beautiful red towers / dreaming reflected in the azure Dora / in large breast ...." It is a verse of Piedmont, the ode in which Carducci, inspired by the patriotic spirit of the Risorgimento, celebrates the magnificence of the castles of Savoy and Piedmont city, set along the river.
addition to the evocation of the Tuscan poet, apart from the carnival, in addition to its proximity to one of the most beautiful natural landscapes of the country, the National Park of Gran Paradiso, the capital of Canavese owes his fame to the activity of the Olivetti , which is headquartered here and factories for a hundred years. It was 1908, in fact, when the first Italian typewriter factory opened its doors, changing the landscape that Carducci had described less than 20 years ago.
The historical site Olivetti: detail of the glass ribbon.
The presence of historical company has made it become Ivrea, in the middle of last century, one of the experimental fields of modern architecture. Under the guidance of Adriano Olivetti, son of the founder Camillo Olivetti, the family business began to grow and renew itself architecturally from the years between the wars: the company's headquarters in Piedmont became fact, in those years , an authentic site of modernity.
The protagonists of this redesign of the structures are Luigi Figini and Gino Pollini , exponents of ' rationalist architecture. Overall, the two collaborated in Ivrea several times, both at the project level that then to those implemented by the expansion of factories and canteens for workers to works that reflect the social vision, in addition to industrial, Adriano Olivetti.
The historical site Olivetti: detail of the glass ribbon. The presence of historical company has made it become Ivrea, in the middle of last century, one of the experimental fields of modern architecture. Under the guidance of Adriano Olivetti, son of the founder Camillo Olivetti, the family business began to grow and renew itself architecturally from the years between the wars: the company's headquarters in Piedmont became fact, in those years , an authentic site of modernity.
The protagonists of this redesign of the structures are Luigi Figini and Gino Pollini , exponents of ' rationalist architecture. Overall, the two collaborated in Ivrea several times, both at the project level that then to those implemented by the expansion of factories and canteens for workers to works that reflect the social vision, in addition to industrial, Adriano Olivetti.
Terraced houses intended for workers with large families. In the late thirties and forties, Figini and Pollini worked on the arrangement of an urban working-class neighborhood and the construction of a terraced house in Borgo Olivetti, combining the reasons for the need for housing with the performance and promoted the modern movement. But it is in the draft immediately following the Castellammonte for the district, which is put in the yard a work of great visual impact and innovativeness. This is a complex of seven dwellings (those were 11 initially planned) designed to accommodate employees' families with dependent children. The apartments - four per building - they are still working perfectly, and almost all villages.
Their peculiarity is the use of carefully selected materials (pumice holes to fill the walls, slabs of artificial stone cladding for exterior walls) and the fact that the orientation of buildings, regardless of axis road, is designed in such a way to reduce the effects of climatic conditions: very few openings in the sides exposed to the north, to stem the winter cold, and large windows on the south side, to ventilate the house on summer days. In addition, a small garden with patio to each building, which can be closed to shelter from the weather. The grand opening to modernity inaugurated by Adriano Olivetti, which binds the name Figini and Pollini, was then continued over the years by the heirs of the company.
The "courtyard" of Talponia with windows overlooking the woods. Del 1969-1974, for example, is the realization of "Talponia", a unique semi-circular building (the radius of 70 meters), designed by Roberto Gambetti and Aimaro Oreglia of Isola. The characteristic of Talponia, hence the nickname, is the fact that the houses lie beneath the ground, perfectly integrated with the environment. On the roofs of the top floors are nestled in a pedestrian street and a large area of \u200b\u200bgreen fields, while the windows of the houses, not buried on the only side of the building, opening onto a small hill topped by a grove.
Even today these buildings - and the entire building complex linked to Olivetti - keep intact their ambitious modern echo of a rare episode of "social architecture" in Italy. And if all this is still well preserved and accessible, this is also the project of protection of architectural heritage that has led, in 2001, the birth of Maam, the open-air museum of Modern Architecture in Ivrea .
Vannucci Photo: Sonia Squilloni
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